Em June 2, celebrate the Day da Republic, Or the Republic Day, one of the most important festivals in Italy. A day established to commemorate the referendum that, after the fall of fascism, sanctioned Italy's historic transition from monarchy to the current republican system.
The referendum
Em June 2 and 3, 1946 the institutional referendum was held with which Italians were invited to decide which form of government give to the nation after the end of the world war: monarchy or republic.
It was the first time in Italy that voting was carried out by universal suffrage, actively involving all citizens who have reached the age of majority (at the time 21 years old).
The republic won with 12.718.641 votes in favor , against the 10.718.502 preferences cast for the monarchy (null or blank ballots were 1.498.136).
The results of the referendum were announced in June 10th, 1946 by the Court of Cassation, which however waited until June 18 to officially proclaim the birth of the Italian Republic.
The decision definitively brought down the curtain on the Kingdom of Italy, which for 85 years was ruled by the royal family of Savoy.
Constituent Assembly
The popular consultation also served to elect the deputies of the Constituent Assembly, the legislative body that would mainly have the task of drafting the new Constitution.
Taking note of the result of the institutional referendum, in June 28, 1946, the Constituent Assembly was also convened to appoint a provisional head of state: the choice fell on Enrico DeNicola, who became the first president of the newly formed Italian Republic.
The first president of the council was Acide De Gasperi, who got De Nicola's job. As for the new Constitution, it came into force in January 1, 1948 .
Republic Day
The first Republic Day it was celebrated in 1947, coinciding with the anniversary of the referendum.
In 1948 the first military parade It took place on Via dei Fori Imperiali in Rome, but it was only in 1949, on June 2nd, that it was definitively declared a national holiday.
In 1977, after the economic crisis that hit Italy in the 70s, Republic Day was postponed to the first Sunday in June, so as not to miss a working day.
In 2001, at the suggestion of the then President of the Republic, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, the celebration returned to the original location, on June 2, abandoning the status of a mobile party.
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