The abbreviations DOP, IGP, DOC, DOCG, IGT, and STG are present on Italian food and beverage labels and guarantee the origin, tradition, and quality of these products.
But what does each of them represent in practice?
Below, we explain the meaning of each and show concrete examples of products officially recognized in Italy.
PDO – Protected Designation of Origin (Denominazione di Origine Protetta)
The PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) designation certifies that all stages of production, from cultivation to processing, take place within a defined geographical area. Furthermore, the quality of the product is directly linked to the territory, including both natural and human factors.
Example:
Grana Padano PDOThe famous cheese from northern Italy can only be produced in certain regions of the Po River valley, using raw milk from cows fed according to strict standards.
IGP – Protected Geographical Indication (Indicazione Geografica Protetta)
The PGI indicates that at least one phase of production takes place in a specific area. Even so, the link to the territory is relevant.
Example:
Mortadella Bologna PGITo be recognized as such, mortadella must be made according to traditional rules in Bologna or other authorized areas, although not all ingredients need to be local.
DOC – Controlled Designation of Origin (Denominazione di Origine Controllata)
Used exclusively for wines, the DOC designation guarantees that production adheres to strict rules regarding grape variety, cultivation area, winemaking techniques, and yield per hectare.
Example:
Chianti DOCOne of the best-known Italian wines, produced in part in Tuscany, must adhere to defined standards to maintain its classification.
DOCG – Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita)
It is the highest classification level for wines in Italy. In addition to meeting the DOC criteria, the wine undergoes official tastings and technical analyses before being sold.
Example:
Brunello di Montalcino DOCGProduced exclusively with Sangiovese grapes grown in Montalcino (Tuscany), it is one of the most prestigious wines in the country.
IGT – Typical Geographical Indication (Indicazione Geografica Tipica)
This classification is intended for wines that have a connection to a specific region, but with more flexible rules than the DOC or DOCG categories. This designation encourages the creativity of producers.
Example:
Tuscany IGT – A broad category that includes wines produced in the Tuscany region, with greater freedom in the use of grapes and techniques, including the famous "Super Tuscans".
STG – Guaranteed Traditional Specialty (Specialità Tradizionale Garantita)
STG is not tied to a specific region, but recognizes a product manufactured in accordance with a proven traditional recipe.
Example:
Neapolitan Pizza STG – To earn this seal, the pizza must be prepared according to specific methods, with defined ingredients and baking times, even if it is not produced in Naples.
These acronyms represent a European certification system that protects Italy's agri-food heritage and guarantees consumers quality, traceability, and authenticity. Each seal is a way of recognizing the history and excellence of products that express their territory of origin.
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