The Calabria region in southern Italy has renewed its efforts to promote Leucocarpa, a rare variety of olive tree known for its white fruits and its historical connection to religious and cultural practices.
Recently recognized by the regional government as a symbol of Calabrian identity, the plant — named Madonna's Olive — awakens the interest of researchers, producers and environmentalists in a project that combines environmental preservation, agricultural innovation and cultural rescue.
Symbol of peace and reconciliation
Introduced by Basilian monks in the 6th century AD, Leucocarpa has fruits that, upon ripening, take on an ivory hue, the result of a biological process that does not activate the pigments typical of other varieties. These unique characteristics inspired its association with purity and spirituality, and it was widely used in religious rituals in ancient times, such as in temples and churches.
According to Sergio De Caprio, Calabria’s regional secretary for environmental protection, the decision to promote Leucocarpa symbolizes a reconnection with the region’s historical roots. “We are reclaiming the past and reinforcing the idea that our society was founded on peace between citizens and nations,” he said.
Education and sustainability
As part of the project, Leucocarpa trees were planted in schools in the region, involving students in growing and learning about the importance of extra virgin olive oil. “We want young people to rediscover their origins and value olive oil as part of their cultural heritage,” explained De Caprio. Each year, new trees will be planted with the participation of students, strengthening the bond between the communities and their agricultural traditions.
Unique olive oil and production challenges
In addition to its symbolic value, Leucocarpa also has economic potential. Antonio Muzzupappa, a farmer and olive oil producer, is leading efforts to expand the cultivation of this olive tree, despite facing challenges such as the low grafting success rate.
Muzzupappa is currently harvesting small quantities of Leucocarpa olives, producing a translucent oil that he says could become a premium alternative for frying because of its low smoke emissions.
Rescuing memories and stories
Archaeologist Anna Rotella, who coordinates the research on Leucocarpa, emphasizes that these trees hold stories and traditions that need to be preserved. “We found trees near churches, cemeteries and places of worship, evidencing their role in past rituals. We need to record these memories before they disappear.”
Among the historical uses of Leucocarpa oil, its application in temple lamps stands out, due to its low smoke emission, a vital characteristic in closed environments at the time.
White olive oil route
The growing interest in Leucocarpa has led to the creation of a tourism and gastronomic project, the “White Olive Route”. The initiative aims to connect the 80 Calabrian villages where the plant has been identified, promoting sustainable tourism and the appreciation of extra virgin olive oil as a product of excellence.
Next Saturday, November 23, Mileto, Italy, will host the II National Congress of the Archeoclub d'Italia, an event dedicated to the appreciation and preservation of Madonna's Olive. The meeting has the collaboration of the Diocese of Mileto-Nicotera-Tropea.
With lectures by experts in archaeology, botany, architecture and theology, the event will address not only the historical and spiritual aspects of Leucocarpa, but also its importance for agricultural biodiversity and environmental sustainability.
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